Python Types Intro

JustAPI uses standard Python type hints to power request validation, serialization, and auto-generated documentation. This page explains the types JustAPI supports and how they map to API contracts.

JustAPI accepts all standard Python built-in types as function parameters and Pydantic model fields:

from justapi import JustAPIApp

app = JustAPIApp()

@app.get("/users/{user_id}")
def get_user(user_id: int):
    return {"user_id": user_id}

@app.post("/items")
def create_item(name: str, price: float, in_stock: bool = True):
    return {"name": name, "price": price, "in_stock": in_stock}

JustAPI automatically converts the path parameter user_id from a string to an int. If the value is not a valid integer, the API returns a clear validation error instead of crashing.

from justapi import JustAPIApp
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = JustAPIApp()

@app.get("/filter")
def filter_items(tags: list[str] = None, limit: int = 10):
    return {"tags": tags, "limit": limit}

A parameter is required if it has no default value. It is optional if it has a default value or uses Optional / None:

from typing import Optional
from justapi import JustAPIApp

app = JustAPIApp()

@app.get("/search")
def search(q: str, limit: int = 10, tag: Optional[str] = None):
    return {"q": q, "limit": limit, "tag": tag}

• q: str — required, no default
• limit: int = 10 — optional, defaults to 10
• tag: Optional[str] = None — optional, defaults to None

The most powerful way to define structured data is with Pydantic BaseModel:

from justapi import JustAPIApp
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing import Optional

app = JustAPIApp()

class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    description: Optional[str] = None
    tags: list[str] = []

@app.post("/items")
def create_item(item: Item):
    return item.model_dump()

JustAPI reads the request body as JSON, validates it against the model, and passes a typed Item object to your handler. Invalid data produces a clear error response with the exact field and issue.

JustAPI supports all Pydantic and Python standard library types:

from datetime import datetime, date
from uuid import UUID
from decimal import Decimal
from enum import Enum
from typing import Literal

class Color(str, Enum):
    red = "red"
    green = "green"
    blue = "blue"

@app.post("/orders")
def create_order(
    order_id: UUID,
    created_at: datetime,
    color: Color,
    amount: Decimal,
):
    return {"order_id": str(order_id), "color": color.value}

• JustAPI uses standard Python type hints for validation, serialization, and documentation.
• Built-in types (int, str, float, bool) are auto-converted from strings in path/query params.
• Optional[T] or T = None makes a parameter optional.
• Pydantic BaseModel provides structured request body validation with nested models.
• Advanced types (datetime, UUID, Decimal, Enum) are fully supported.

• First Steps — your first JustAPI app
• Path Parameters — working with path parameters
• Query Parameters — working with query parameters
• Request Body — request body with Pydantic